Integration Futures Working Group

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Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has shined a spotlight on these kinds of programs, which critics say encourage corruption and, in the EU’s case, allow wealthy Russian oligarchs to travel freely across the bloc. Citizenship by investment programs didn’t begin in Europe, though. Their parentage dates to the Caribbean and Pacific islands several decades ago. For years, they were relatively uncontroversial. What changed? MPI’s Migration Information Source examines in a new article. Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022 ushered in renewed scrutiny of citizenship by investment programs, which allow wealthy Russian investors and others to become citizens of foreign countries. Some nations are now re-evaluating these "golden passport" schemes, which they developed to boost their ec...